Ear Infection with Conjunctivitis: Symptoms & Treatment

Ear infection with conjunctivitis, sometimes called "pinkeye ear," represents a dual infection that primarily affects young children; Haemophilus influenzae is often identified as the causative bacterial agent in these co-infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) highlights that both conjunctivitis and ear infections are common in early childhood, but their co-occurrence warrants specific attention due to potential implications for treatment strategies. Pediatricians often consider antibiotic resistance patterns in their local region when prescribing medication for ear infection with conjunctivitis, given concerns about the overuse of antibiotics. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the appropriate treatments are crucial to managing ear infection with conjunctivitis effectively and preventing complications.

Understanding the Connection: Ear Infections and Conjunctivitis

Ear infections, clinically known as otitis media, and conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pinkeye, represent frequent health challenges, particularly among infants and young children. While seemingly distinct ailments affecting different parts of the body, they can, in certain situations, be interconnected.

Prevalence in Childhood

The prevalence of both conditions in childhood is noteworthy. Ear infections are among the most common reasons for pediatric visits. Many children experience at least one ear infection before the age of three. Similarly, conjunctivitis is a widespread issue in schools and daycare settings. Its contagious nature often leads to outbreaks.

The high occurrence of these conditions underscores the need for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to be well-informed. This knowledge enables effective prevention, recognition, and management.

Why Understanding the Link Matters

A comprehensive understanding of ear infections and conjunctivitis extends beyond simply knowing their individual characteristics. It involves recognizing their potential connection. It also involves grasping their causes, recognizing their symptoms, and understanding available treatment options.

This holistic approach is crucial for several reasons:

• Prompt diagnosis: Recognizing that ear infections and conjunctivitis can sometimes occur together allows for quicker diagnosis.

• Effective Treatment: Understanding the underlying cause, be it bacterial, viral, or allergic, is essential for selecting the most appropriate treatment.

• Preventing Complications: Early intervention can prevent potential complications, such as hearing loss from untreated ear infections or the spread of highly contagious conjunctivitis.

• Informed Decision-Making: Knowledge empowers parents and caregivers to make informed decisions about their child's health and well-being.

By appreciating the individual aspects of each condition and how they might relate, we can improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of these common childhood illnesses.

The Common Thread: Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs) and the Body's Pathways

Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs) frequently pave the way for both ear infections and conjunctivitis, acting either as a preceding condition or occurring simultaneously. Understanding this connection is crucial for grasping the holistic nature of these ailments, particularly in pediatric cases. The body's intricate anatomical pathways provide the means for infections originating in the upper respiratory tract to extend their reach to the ears and eyes, blurring the lines between seemingly disparate conditions.

The Precursor: URIs as a Launchpad for Infection

URIs, commonly known as the common cold or upper airway infections, are often the initial event in a cascade that can lead to secondary infections. When a child develops a cold, the inflammation and mucus production associated with the URI create an environment conducive to bacterial or viral proliferation.

This weakened state makes the ears and eyes more susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Consequently, what begins as a simple cold can quickly evolve into a more complex scenario involving both otitis media and conjunctivitis.

Anatomical Bridges: How Infections Spread

The human anatomy features critical connections that explain the frequent co-occurrence of URIs with ear and eye infections.

The Eustachian Tube: A Pathway to the Middle Ear

The Eustachian tube, a narrow passage connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat), plays a vital role in equalizing pressure and draining fluid from the middle ear.

During a URI, the Eustachian tube can become inflamed and blocked due to increased mucus production and swelling.

This blockage impairs drainage, creating a stagnant environment where bacteria or viruses can thrive, leading to an ear infection.

The Nasolacrimal Duct: Linking Eyes and Nasal Cavity

The nasolacrimal duct, or tear duct, forms another crucial link. It drains tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity. URIs often cause increased mucus production and inflammation in the nasal passages, which can obstruct the nasolacrimal duct.

This obstruction can lead to a backup of tears and mucus, creating a breeding ground for pathogens and increasing the risk of conjunctivitis.

Furthermore, the direct connection between the nasal cavity and the eyes allows for easy transmission of infectious agents.

Common Culprits: Identifying URI Pathogens

Various pathogens can trigger URIs, and some are more likely to lead to secondary ear and eye infections than others. Common viral culprits include rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and influenza viruses.

Bacterial infections, often secondary to a viral URI, can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Identifying the specific pathogen is important because some, like Haemophilus influenzae, are frequently associated with both ear infections and conjunctivitis, further highlighting the connection between these conditions.

Understanding the role of URIs as a common precursor and the anatomical pathways that facilitate the spread of infection is paramount in preventing and managing ear infections and conjunctivitis. By addressing the underlying URI and taking appropriate measures to maintain hygiene and prevent further spread, healthcare professionals and caregivers can mitigate the risk of these co-occurring conditions.

Ear Infections (Otitis Media): Unpacking the Causes, Recognizing the Symptoms, and Addressing Potential Complications

Ear infections, clinically known as otitis media, represent a significant health concern, particularly in the pediatric population. Understanding the intricacies of these infections—their origins, manifestations, and potential long-term consequences—is paramount for effective management and prevention. This section will explore the multifaceted nature of otitis media, equipping parents and caregivers with the knowledge necessary to safeguard their children's auditory health.

The Root Causes of Otitis Media: A Complex Interplay

Otitis media is rarely the result of a single factor; instead, it often arises from a confluence of biological, environmental, and behavioral influences. Identifying these root causes is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Bacterial Culprits: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Among the most common instigators of otitis media are bacteria, specifically Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). These opportunistic pathogens frequently colonize the nasopharynx and can ascend into the middle ear via the Eustachian tube. While antibiotic resistance is a growing concern, these bacteria remain primary targets in the treatment of bacterial ear infections. It is important to note that not all cases of Haemophilus influenzae will be antibiotic resistant.

The Eustachian Tube: A Key Player in Middle Ear Health

The Eustachian tube, a narrow passage connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat, plays a critical role in pressure equalization and fluid drainage. When this tube becomes dysfunctional—due to inflammation, swelling, or blockage—it can create a vacuum in the middle ear.

This negative pressure draws fluid into the space, providing a fertile breeding ground for bacteria and viruses. Eustachian tube dysfunction is particularly common in young children, whose tubes are shorter, more horizontal, and less rigid than those of adults.

Environmental Influences: Daycare and Exposure

Certain environmental factors can significantly elevate a child's risk of developing otitis media. Daycare attendance, for instance, exposes children to a higher concentration of respiratory pathogens. Similarly, passive exposure to tobacco smoke can irritate the Eustachian tube lining, predisposing children to ear infections. Crowded living conditions and poor ventilation can also contribute to the spread of infection.

Recognizing the Signs: Symptoms of Otitis Media

Prompt recognition of otitis media symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of potential complications. While symptoms can vary depending on the age of the child and the severity of the infection, certain key indicators should raise concern.

Cardinal Symptoms: Otalgia and Otorrhea

Ear pain (otalgia) is a hallmark symptom of otitis media, particularly in older children who can articulate their discomfort. Younger children and infants may exhibit fussiness, irritability, or excessive crying.

Ear drainage (otorrhea), characterized by fluid discharge from the ear canal, is another key symptom, often indicating a ruptured eardrum.

Subtle Clues: Irritability and Ear Tugging

In infants and toddlers who cannot verbally express their pain, irritability and ear tugging are important clues.

While these behaviors can be associated with other conditions, they warrant careful observation and potential medical evaluation, especially when accompanied by other symptoms such as fever or nasal congestion.

Untreated Otitis Media: Navigating Potential Complications

While most ear infections resolve with appropriate treatment, neglecting otitis media can lead to serious, long-term complications that impact a child's hearing, speech development, and overall quality of life.

The Risk of Hearing Loss

One of the most significant potential complications of untreated otitis media is hearing loss. Persistent fluid accumulation in the middle ear can impede sound transmission, leading to temporary or, in severe cases, permanent hearing impairment. Even mild hearing loss can significantly impact a child's language acquisition and academic performance.

Beyond Hearing: Speech and Developmental Delays

Recurrent or chronic otitis media can also contribute to speech and developmental delays. Children with impaired hearing may struggle to accurately perceive and reproduce sounds, hindering their language development.

Early intervention and management of ear infections are, therefore, essential to mitigate these potential long-term consequences.

Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye): Unraveling the Causes and Recognizing the Symptoms

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. Understanding the diverse causes of conjunctivitis is essential for appropriate management and treatment. Furthermore, accurately recognizing the symptoms allows for early intervention and prevents potential complications.

Decoding the Origins of Conjunctivitis: A Multifaceted Etiology

Conjunctivitis manifests in several forms, each stemming from distinct etiological factors. Pinpointing the precise cause is crucial in determining the most effective treatment strategy and preventing the spread of infection.

Viral Conjunctivitis: The Adenoviral Connection

Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and frequently linked to adenoviruses, the same culprits behind the common cold and other respiratory infections. This form of pinkeye often presents alongside other cold symptoms, such as a sore throat and runny nose. It typically begins in one eye and may spread to the other within a few days.

Transmission occurs readily through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or respiratory droplets.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis: When Bacteria Invade

Bacterial conjunctivitis arises from a bacterial infection of the conjunctiva. Common bacterial culprits include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Unlike viral conjunctivitis, bacterial pinkeye often produces a thick, purulent discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together, particularly upon waking.

While it can sometimes accompany a bacterial ear infection, this is not always the case.

Allergic Conjunctivitis: An Immune Response

Allergic conjunctivitis is not infectious but rather an inflammatory response triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. This type of pinkeye typically affects both eyes simultaneously and is characterized by intense itching, redness, and watery discharge.

Individuals with allergic conjunctivitis often have a history of other allergic conditions, such as hay fever or eczema.

Spotting the Signs: Recognizing the Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

Early recognition of conjunctivitis symptoms is vital for prompt medical attention and preventing further spread. While some symptoms are common across all types of conjunctivitis, others can provide clues to the underlying cause.

Hallmark Symptoms: Redness and Discharge

Redness of the eye is a cardinal symptom of conjunctivitis, giving rise to its common name, pinkeye. The redness results from inflammation and dilation of blood vessels in the conjunctiva.

Eye discharge is another characteristic feature, although its nature varies depending on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis typically produces a clear, watery discharge, while bacterial conjunctivitis is associated with a thick, yellow or green purulent discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis, on the other hand, usually causes a watery discharge accompanied by intense itching.

Additional Symptoms: Itching, Grittiness, and Swelling

In addition to redness and discharge, individuals with conjunctivitis may experience other bothersome symptoms. Itching is a prominent feature of allergic conjunctivitis, while a gritty or burning sensation is common in both viral and bacterial forms.

Swollen eyelids can occur with any type of conjunctivitis, but they are particularly noticeable in allergic reactions or severe infections.

Photophobia: Sensitivity to Light

In some instances, individuals with conjunctivitis may experience light sensitivity, also known as photophobia. This symptom is more common in severe cases of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis and can cause significant discomfort.

Diagnosis: Seeking Professional Guidance and Understanding Diagnostic Tools

Accurate diagnosis is paramount in effectively managing both ear infections (otitis media) and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). While some symptoms may seem straightforward, seeking professional medical evaluation is crucial to determine the precise cause and implement the most appropriate treatment plan. This section will highlight the roles of different medical specialists involved in the diagnostic process and explain the common tools and procedures they utilize.

The Role of Medical Professionals

Navigating the healthcare system can be daunting, but understanding the roles of different specialists can streamline the diagnostic process.

Pediatricians are often the first point of contact for children experiencing symptoms of ear infections or conjunctivitis. They possess a broad understanding of common childhood illnesses and can perform initial examinations.

In cases of recurrent ear infections or complications, an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) may be consulted. These specialists are experts in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the ears, nose, and throat.

For persistent or severe conjunctivitis, particularly if vision is affected, an ophthalmologist should be involved. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors specializing in eye care and can diagnose and manage a wide range of eye conditions.

Diagnostic Tools and Procedures for Ear Infections

Otoscopic Examination

The otoscope is a fundamental tool used by healthcare providers to visualize the eardrum. It allows them to assess the color, clarity, and position of the eardrum, as well as identify signs of inflammation, fluid buildup, or perforation.

Tympanometry

Tympanometry is an objective test used to evaluate the function of the eardrum and middle ear. It measures how the eardrum moves in response to changes in air pressure. This test can help detect fluid in the middle ear, which is a common indicator of an ear infection.

Diagnostic Tools and Procedures for Conjunctivitis

Visual Acuity Test

A visual acuity test assesses the sharpness of vision. This test is essential to rule out that the patient’s vision has been affected by the Conjunctivitis.

Culture and Sensitivity Testing

In cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, culture and sensitivity testing may be performed. A sample of the eye discharge is collected and sent to a laboratory to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics will be most effective. This helps to guide targeted antibiotic usage and minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance.

The Importance of Culture and Sensitivity Testing

The reliance on empiric antibiotic treatment, without culture data, can contribute to the development of resistant bacterial strains. Culture and sensitivity testing ensures that the most appropriate antibiotic is selected, minimizing the selective pressure that drives resistance.

Differential Diagnosis

It's important to recognize that the symptoms of ear infections and conjunctivitis can sometimes overlap with other conditions. Differential diagnosis involves systematically considering and ruling out other possible causes of the patient's symptoms.

For example, ear pain could be due to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, while eye redness could be a sign of dry eye syndrome or other inflammatory conditions. A thorough medical evaluation is necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.

Treatment Strategies: From Antibiotics to Supportive Care

Effective management of ear infections and conjunctivitis hinges on targeted treatment strategies. These approaches range from antibiotic interventions for bacterial infections to supportive care measures designed to alleviate symptoms and promote natural healing. This section will detail the various treatment modalities available for both conditions, addressing their specific applications and potential considerations.

Ear Infections: A Multi-Pronged Approach

The treatment of ear infections, or otitis media, varies depending on the severity and cause of the infection, as well as the patient's age and overall health. While antibiotics remain a cornerstone of treatment for bacterial infections, a comprehensive approach often involves pain management and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

Antibiotics: Balancing Benefits and Risks

Antibiotics are typically prescribed for bacterial ear infections, with common choices including amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate.

However, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates careful consideration before initiating antibiotic therapy. Overuse of antibiotics can contribute to the development of resistant bacterial strains, rendering these medications less effective in the future.

It's crucial to discuss the potential benefits and risks of antibiotic treatment with a healthcare provider to make an informed decision. Factors such as the child's age, severity of symptoms, and history of recurrent ear infections should be taken into account.

Pain Management and Supportive Care

Regardless of whether antibiotics are used, pain management is an essential aspect of treating ear infections. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate ear pain and reduce fever.

Warm compresses applied to the affected ear can also provide soothing relief. These supportive measures can significantly improve the child's comfort during the course of the infection.

Myringotomy and Tympanostomy Tubes: Addressing Recurrent Infections

For children who experience recurrent ear infections, myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion may be recommended. Myringotomy involves creating a small incision in the eardrum to drain fluid from the middle ear.

Tympanostomy tubes, also known as ear tubes, are small tubes inserted into the eardrum to provide continuous ventilation of the middle ear.

These tubes help to prevent fluid buildup and reduce the frequency of ear infections. While tube insertion is a surgical procedure, it is generally safe and effective in managing recurrent otitis media.

Conjunctivitis: Tailoring Treatment to the Cause

The treatment approach for conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, depends largely on the underlying cause, whether it's viral, bacterial, or allergic. While bacterial conjunctivitis often requires antibiotic treatment, viral and allergic forms typically respond to supportive care measures.

Supportive Care: The Foundation of Relief

Supportive care plays a vital role in managing all types of conjunctivitis. Warm compresses applied to the affected eye can help soothe irritation and reduce swelling.

Artificial tears can provide lubrication and alleviate dryness or a gritty feeling. Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, can help prevent the spread of infection to others.

Antihistamines: Targeting Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itchy, watery eyes, often accompanied by other allergy symptoms. Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines can help relieve these symptoms by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical released during allergic reactions.

Identifying and avoiding the specific allergen triggering the reaction is also crucial in managing allergic conjunctivitis.

Steroid Eye Drops: Weighing Benefits and Risks

In severe cases of conjunctivitis, particularly those involving significant inflammation or vision impairment, steroid eye drops may be considered. However, steroid eye drops should be used with caution and only under the guidance of an ophthalmologist.

Steroids can have potential side effects, such as increasing the risk of glaucoma or cataracts, and may also suppress the immune system. The benefits and risks of steroid eye drops should be carefully weighed before initiating treatment.

Prevention is Key: Hygiene and Public Health Considerations

Minimizing the occurrence and transmission of ear infections and conjunctivitis hinges significantly on proactive preventative measures. Good hygiene practices, coupled with adherence to public health guidelines, can substantially reduce the burden of these common childhood ailments. This section underscores the critical role of hygiene, highlights the contributions of leading health organizations, and explores strategies for mitigating the spread of infection in communal environments.

The Cornerstone of Prevention: Hand Hygiene

Handwashing stands as the most effective and readily accessible tool in preventing the spread of numerous infections, including those affecting the ears and eyes. Proper handwashing technique involves using soap and water, lathering for at least 20 seconds (the time it takes to sing "Happy Birthday" twice), and thoroughly rinsing and drying hands.

This simple act mechanically removes pathogens from the skin, preventing their transfer to the eyes, nose, and mouth—common entry points for infection. Encouraging frequent and thorough handwashing, especially after touching potentially contaminated surfaces, before eating, and after using the restroom, is paramount.

Guidance from Public Health Organizations

Organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) play a crucial role in disseminating evidence-based guidelines and information on preventing infectious diseases.

These resources offer comprehensive recommendations on hygiene practices, vaccination schedules, and strategies for managing outbreaks in community settings. The AAP and CDC websites provide parents, caregivers, and educators with up-to-date information on preventing and controlling ear infections and conjunctivitis. Staying informed about the latest recommendations from these reputable sources is essential for implementing effective preventive measures.

Understanding and Applying AAP Guidelines

The American Academy of Pediatrics provides resources tailored for parents and pediatricians regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and, importantly, the prevention of ear infections and conjunctivitis. Their guidance often emphasizes the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics (when prescribed), avoiding exposure to smoke, and promoting breastfeeding, which can offer protective immunity to infants.

Leveraging CDC Resources for Public Health

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focuses on broader public health strategies. This includes monitoring disease trends, providing educational materials, and offering recommendations for infection control in various settings, such as schools and childcare facilities. Their emphasis on vaccination against common respiratory viruses, like influenza, further contributes to reducing the overall risk of related ear and eye infections.

Protecting Children in Schools and Daycare

Schools and daycare centers, where children are in close proximity, can be breeding grounds for infectious diseases. Implementing strategies to minimize the spread of germs in these settings is crucial.

This includes promoting frequent handwashing among children and staff, regularly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and educating children about proper cough and sneeze etiquette (coughing or sneezing into the elbow, not the hands). Establishing clear policies regarding exclusion of sick children from school or daycare is also essential to prevent outbreaks.

Regularly sanitizing shared toys and surfaces, proper disposal of tissues, and promoting ventilation can greatly mitigate the spread of pathogens. Collaboration between parents, educators, and healthcare providers is key to creating a healthy and safe environment for children. Open communication about potential infections and consistent enforcement of hygiene protocols are essential for maintaining a disease-free environment.

These preventive measures, when consistently applied, can significantly reduce the incidence and spread of ear infections and conjunctivitis, safeguarding the health and well-being of children and the community as a whole.

Special Considerations: Protecting Vulnerable Populations

While ear infections and conjunctivitis are common childhood ailments, certain populations face a heightened risk of experiencing more severe or complicated outcomes. Recognizing these vulnerabilities and understanding the specific considerations for these groups is crucial for ensuring optimal care and preventing potentially serious consequences.

The Immunocompromised: A Heightened State of Alert

Individuals with compromised immune systems, whether due to underlying medical conditions (such as HIV/AIDS, autoimmune diseases, or cancer) or immunosuppressive therapies (such as chemotherapy or organ transplant medications), are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Their impaired immune defenses make them less able to effectively combat pathogens, leading to a greater risk of severe and prolonged infections. In the context of ear infections and conjunctivitis, this can translate to a higher likelihood of complications, such as mastoiditis (infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear) or vision-threatening corneal ulcers.

Specific Risks and Management Strategies

In immunocompromised patients, seemingly routine infections like otitis media can rapidly progress and necessitate more aggressive interventions.

• Atypical Pathogens: It's important to consider the possibility of infections caused by atypical pathogens, such as fungi or viruses that rarely affect individuals with normal immune function.
• Prompt Diagnosis: Early and accurate diagnosis is paramount, requiring a high index of suspicion and, in some cases, more invasive diagnostic procedures, such as tympanocentesis (fluid aspiration from the middle ear) or conjunctival biopsies.
• Aggressive Treatment: Treatment strategies often involve higher doses of antibiotics or antiviral medications, prolonged treatment courses, and, in some cases, hospitalization for intravenous therapy.
• Multidisciplinary Approach: A collaborative approach involving infectious disease specialists, otolaryngologists, and ophthalmologists is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
• Prophylactic Measures: In select cases, prophylactic antibiotics or antiviral medications may be considered to prevent recurrent infections.

Other Vulnerable Groups

While immunocompromised individuals represent a significant portion of the vulnerable population, other groups may also warrant special attention:

• Newborns: Infants, especially premature babies, have immature immune systems, making them vulnerable to severe infections. Close monitoring and prompt treatment of ear infections and conjunctivitis are crucial in this age group.
• Individuals with Chronic Conditions: Patients with chronic respiratory conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may be at increased risk of developing ear infections due to impaired Eustachian tube function.
• Patients with Cochlear Implants: Individuals with cochlear implants require careful monitoring for ear infections, as these infections can potentially lead to device malfunction or complications.

The Importance of Vigilance and Personalized Care

Protecting vulnerable populations from the potentially severe consequences of ear infections and conjunctivitis requires a proactive and personalized approach.

This includes:

• Increased awareness among healthcare providers regarding the specific risks faced by these groups.
• Aggressive preventative strategies such as advocating for vaccinations and promoting stringent hygiene practices.
• Early diagnosis and treatment tailored to the individual's underlying condition and immune status.
• A collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to ensure optimal outcomes.

By recognizing and addressing the unique vulnerabilities of these populations, we can significantly reduce the burden of these common infections and improve the overall health and well-being of those most at risk.

So, if your little one is experiencing symptoms of both an ear infection with conjunctivitis – like ear pain, fever, and that tell-tale pink eye – don't hesitate to reach out to your pediatrician. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to getting them feeling better and back to their playful selves in no time!